Glossary: F
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- Fiducial
- A mark or shape used as a standard of reference for measurement, position or location. Fiducial images are used for alignment, tracking or identification. These images are typically simple geometric shapes of specific size and dimension and unique from any natural image features.…
- Field order
- Field Order (also referred to as Field Dominance) determines which of the two fields that make up a frame is displayed first.
An analog frame is made up of two fields, each field containing every other line in the frame. On an interlaced display, such as a CRT, each field is displayed one after another.…
- File
- See Digital file
- File format
- Set of structural conventions that define a
wrapper, formatted data, and embedded metadata, and that can be followed to represent images, audiovisual waveforms, texts, etc., in a digital object. The wrapper component on its own is often colloquially called a file format. The formatted data may consist of one or more…
- See Also Wrapper; Bitstream; Encoding; Digital file; Object (PREMIS term)
- File size
- The size of a file including all its components and tracks, expressed in units based on a byte (kilobyte [KB], megabyte [MB], gigabyte [GB], etc.)
File size, when written to a file system, may be reported as slightly higher than the actual size because a file system may round the size up to include…
- Flare
- A skirty or wide spreading of light. In photography and imaging, the term "lens flare" is frequently encountered and refers to generally unwanted light scattered by internal reflections and lack of homogeneity in the lens. …
- Flat fielding
- Process that corrects for irregularities in pixel values caused by variations in pixel sensitivity in the camera sensor, dust or damage on a lens, uneven lighting, or distortions in the optical path to produce an image of uniform brightness. Flat fielding software can reduce non-uniformity in images. Lenses designed specifically for digital flat field imaging…
- Focus stacking
- A digital imaging process that combines multiple images focused on different distances at parallel planes on a three-dimensional object to produce an image with a greater depth of field than could be achieved with a single image. The technique is most commonly used in macro photography and photo microscopy.…
- Format
- See Also File format; Encoding
- Frame rate
- Frame rate is the speed at which film or video is recorded and/or played back. The frame rate is often expressed as \"frames per second\" (fps).
Frame rate impacts the visual consistency of motion. A higher frame rate means that more images are being captured per second, which results in smoother motion than with lower…
- Frequency response (audio)
- This concept applies to any waveform, ranging from radio spectrum frequencies to earthquakes. The focus for this definition is sound, where the term is usually referenced to electronic amplifiers, microphones, loudspeakers, or other elements in a recording system. Frequency response is the measure of any system's output to an input signal of varying frequency (but…