Glossary: B
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- Baseline tags
- See TIFF header
- Bayer color filter array
- A specific two-dimensional mosaic pattern of repeating 2x2 RGB filtered sensors from which three fully populated red, green, and blue pixel arrays are mathematically reconstructed. Named after its inventor, Bryce Bayer, a research scientist at Eastman Kodak Company. A subset of color filter array.…
- See Also Array; Color filter array
- Binary image
- See Bitonal digital image
- Bit depth (audio)
- Bit depth (aka "word length") fixes the encoded dynamic range of an audio event or item. 24-bit audio provides a dynamic range that approaches the limits of the dynamic ranges of sound encountered in nature; in contrast, 16-bit audio, the CD standard, may be inadequate for many types of material especially where high level transients…
- See Dynamic range
- Bit depth (image)
- The number of bits used to represent each pixel in an image. The term can be confusing since it is sometimes used to represent bits per pixel and at other times, the total number of bits used multiplied by the number of total channels. For example, a typical color image using 8 bits…
- Bit rate
- See Data rate
- Bitmapped image
- See Also Raster data; Raster image
- Bitonal digital image
- A single-bit image comprised of a pixel value of 0 or 1 (or, in some circumstances, as 0 and 255), corresponding to either black or white. This type of image is often used for typography (as in a FAX) and for line art graphs and pictorial works.…
- See Line art
- Bits per pixel
- See Bit depth (image)
- Bitstream
- Contiguous or non-contiguous data within a file that has meaningful common properties for preservation purposes. Generally speaking, a bitstream cannot be transformed into a standalone file without the addition of file structure (headers, etc.) and/or reformatting the bitstream to comply with some particular file format. This definition is derived from the data model outlined in…
- See Also File format; Encoding
- Black point
- A radiometric reference point used to calibrate or define the minimum luminance value of interest in a scene or object.…
- Blooming
- An overflow behavior of an individual sensor element in a sensor array caused by excessive light, that manifests itself in a finished image file as a relatively large blush (or bloom) of light from the effected pixel into neighboring ones.…
- Born digital
- Digital content that originated as a digital product. Born digital content is distinct from digital content, which is created through the digitization of analog content. Examples of born digital content include word processing documents, spreadsheets, and original images produced with digital cameras.…
- Brightness
- The attribute of the visual sensation that describes the perceived intensity of light. Brightness is among the three attributes that specify color. The other two attributes are hue and saturation.…
- Bundling file format
- Simple bundling formats. These formats encapsulate their constituent files and, save for a directory that provides the filenames, do not describe the content and the relationships that may obtain between files. (In this, they differ from what are often called wrappers.) Archetypes include ZIP, StuffIt, and TAR, the latter associated with the UNIX operating system.…
- See Wrapper